Example (from 2012):
Briefly outline the stages of policy development. Which do you think is the most important? Provide an example of the importance of this stage from an issue in foreign policy.
Problem definition is the initial stage where an issue of public concern is perceived. For anything to be done about it, the issue must make it onto the agenda in the agenda setting stage. Next, in policy formulation, legislators, interest groups, bureaucrats, etc., determine policy from among alternatives. Adoption is when the policy becomes official via legislative or executive branch action. Implementation is actually putting the policy into action-- spending the money, enforcing the laws, etc. Finally, the policy evaluation stage evaluates the impact of the policy in terms of its ability to achieve desired goals at a reasonable cost, etc. I believe that the problem definition stage is the most important. None of these other steps even matter if a problem is not perceived. This country has plenty of problems that do not have policies because there is not a critical mass to perceive the relevance of the problem. Certainly, very few Americans believed the threat of domestic terror was a problem before 9/11. Furthermore, the way the problem gets politically defined in this stage has important consequences for the policy alternatives that attempt to deal with it. Foreign policy provides great examples of the importance of agenda setting. After 9/11, fighting in Afghanistan came to the top of the policy agenda from out of nowhere. In the Fall of 2002, the possibility of war in Iraq rose to the top of the policy agenda due to extensive efforts by the administration. We can also see how the importance of U.S. policy regarding various Middle Eastern countries seems to wax and wane based on the level of violence in particular areas-- e.g., the violence in Syria has made it a more notable matter on the policy agenda.
Briefly outline the stages of policy development. Which do you think is the most important? Provide an example of the importance of this stage from an issue in foreign policy.
Problem definition is the initial stage where an issue of public concern is perceived. For anything to be done about it, the issue must make it onto the agenda in the agenda setting stage. Next, in policy formulation, legislators, interest groups, bureaucrats, etc., determine policy from among alternatives. Adoption is when the policy becomes official via legislative or executive branch action. Implementation is actually putting the policy into action-- spending the money, enforcing the laws, etc. Finally, the policy evaluation stage evaluates the impact of the policy in terms of its ability to achieve desired goals at a reasonable cost, etc. I believe that the problem definition stage is the most important. None of these other steps even matter if a problem is not perceived. This country has plenty of problems that do not have policies because there is not a critical mass to perceive the relevance of the problem. Certainly, very few Americans believed the threat of domestic terror was a problem before 9/11. Furthermore, the way the problem gets politically defined in this stage has important consequences for the policy alternatives that attempt to deal with it. Foreign policy provides great examples of the importance of agenda setting. After 9/11, fighting in Afghanistan came to the top of the policy agenda from out of nowhere. In the Fall of 2002, the possibility of war in Iraq rose to the top of the policy agenda due to extensive efforts by the administration. We can also see how the importance of U.S. policy regarding various Middle Eastern countries seems to wax and wane based on the level of violence in particular areas-- e.g., the violence in Syria has made it a more notable matter on the policy agenda.